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| Genre = Pop punk | Length = 35:17 | Label = MCA | Producer = Jerry Finn | Last album = ''Dude Ranch'' (1997) | This album = ''Enema of the State'' (1999) | Next album = ''The Mark, Tom and Travis Show (The Enema Strikes Back!)'' (2000) | Misc = }} ''Enema of the State'' is the third studio album by American rock band Blink-182. Produced by Jerry Finn, the album was released on June 1, 1999 by MCA Records. After a long series of performances at various clubs and festivals and several indie recordings throughout the 1990s, Blink-182 first achieved popularity on the Warped Tour and in Australia following the release of their sophomore effort ''Dude Ranch'' (1997) and its rock radio hit "Dammit". It was the band's first album to feature drummer Travis Barker, who replaced the band's original drummer Scott Raynor. To record their third album, Blink-182 turned to veteran punk rock producer Jerry Finn, who previously worked on Green Day's breakthrough album, ''Dookie'' (1994). The group recorded with Finn over a period of three months at numerous locations in their hometown of San Diego and Los Angeles. Finn was key in producing the fast-paced, melodic mixes, creating pop punk with a more radio-friendly, accessible polish. Lyrically, the album is inspired by adolescent frustration and relationships. Guitarist Tom DeLonge and bassist Mark Hoppus primarily culled stories from friends and autobiographical situations to craft summery tracks revolving around breakups, suburban parties and maturity, as well as more offbeat subject matter such as UFO conspiracy theories. The cover artwork for ''Enema of the State'' features porn star Janine Lindemulder famously clad in a nurse uniform, and the title is a pun on the term enemy of the state. ''Enema of the State'' was an enormous commercial success, though the band was criticized as synthesized, manufactured pop only remotely resembling punk and pigeonholed as a joke act due to the puerile slant of its singles and associating music videos. The album sold over 15 million copies worldwide, catapulting the band to become one of the biggest rock bands of the turn of the century. "What's My Age Again?", "All the Small Things" and "Adam's Song" became hit singles and MTV staples, generating heavy radio airplay. ''Enema of the State'' had an extensive impact on contemporary pop punk, reinventing it for a new generation and spawning countless tributes and acolytes. ==Background== By 1997, Blink-182, consisting of Mark Hoppus, Tom DeLonge, and Scott Raynor, began to receive mainstream exposure as their sophomore record, ''Dude Ranch'', shipped gold and the lead single "Dammit" began to be added to rock radio playlists across the country.〔Hoppus, 2001. p. 74〕〔Hoppus, 2001. p. 79〕 The band entered an extended period of touring beginning that summer, which included each date of the worldwide 1997 Vans Warped Tour, a lifestyle tour promoting skateboarding and punk rock music. The trio would only return to their home of San Diego, California for days at a time before striking out the next tour. "When we did our longest tour stretch, it was right when I started dating my fiancee," recalled guitarist Tom DeLonge in 2001. "We were all new and in love, and I had to leave. It was just, 'Hey, I'll see you in nine months.' It was really hard."〔Hoppus, 2001. p. 81〕 Hoppus felt increasingly lonely; while the other members had longtime girlfriends to return home to, Hoppus was single.〔Hoppus, 2001. p. 83〕 In addition to the hefty touring schedule, the trio grew tired of other commitments, including interviews and TV appearances due to the success of "Dammit".〔Shooman, 2010. p. 45〕 Desperate for a break, the overworked band began to argue and tensions formed.〔 Raynor, who was at the center of this drama, had been commenting of his desire to attend college for years, and had been taking homework out with him on tour to try and complete his high school diploma.〔Shooman, 2010. p. 50〕 The tension came to a head in February 1998 as the band embarked on SnoCore, described as "a winter version of the Warped Tour." Sharing the stage with Primus, the band was enjoying more success than ever before, but the drama between the musicians had grown substantially.〔 The band reached a low point when the band engaged in a fight on a Nebraska date after SnoCore's conclusion.〔Shooman, 2010. p. 47〕 Raynor would depart following SnoCore,〔〔Hoppus, 2001. p. 80〕 and the ensemble recruited Travis Barker, drummer for the opening ska punk group The Aquabats, to fill in for Raynor. Barker, who had not had time to prepare or practice with the duo, learned the drum tracks for the 20-song setlist in only 45 minutes before the first show and performed them flawlessly thereafter.〔Hoppus, 2001. p. 85〕〔Shooman, 2010. p. 52〕 "I remember Travis rehearsing backstage for an hour or two, then playing with them during sound-check," said Adam Deibert of the Aquabats. "A few of us were standing behind the stage and vividly remember the feeling of ''this is the new Blink''. We should have looked for a new drummer right then because it was obvious what band he belonged in."〔Shooman, 2010. p. 57〕 Shortly thereafter, the band embarked on a short minitour along the western coast, most notably Southern California, the band's favorite place to play. The tour ended with the band headlining a sold-out show at the Palladium in Hollywood, California, where the band had dreamed of performing at for years.〔Hoppus, 2001. p. 84〕 Raynor returned for the band's Palladium performance, but the band became increasingly uneasy and arguments grew worse.〔 To offset personal issues and a "tragic loss," Raynor began to drink heavily and it began to affect the band's performances.〔Shooman, 2010. p. 51〕〔Shooman, 2010. p. 56〕 Following a largely successful Australian tour in the spring, Hoppus and DeLonge presented an ultimatum: quit drinking or go to an in-patient rehab. Raynor agreed to both and informed the band of his decision after taking the weekend to mull options.〔 According to Raynor, he was fired through a phone call despite his agreement to rehab.〔 Despite this, he felt no malice toward his former bandmates and later conceded they were "right" to fire him.〔 The band would minimize the impact of the situation in future interviews and remained vague regarding his departure.〔 Initial news reports explained that Raynor had "reportedly returned to school." DeLonge would later explain the drinking problem that led to his expulsion: "One show he dropped his sticks 10 times. It was so disturbing to see someone ruining himself." The addition of Barker inspired DeLonge and Hoppus to "play better" and keep up with their new member, whom DeLonge called "perfect." 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Enema of the State」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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